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Siemens 1200 connection with incremental encoder 1, Siemens 1200 and incremental encoder connection Siemens 1200 digital input switch points provide fast counter function of incremental encoder pulse signal, single-phase signal up to 200KHz, bi-phase signal (can be quadrupled and determine the direction) to 80KHz, for commonly used 2500PPR (resolved per revolution The number of pulses), the fastest speed reaches 1920RPM (revolutions per minute). The signal of the incremental encoder is a PNP one-way open circuit signal. The recommended incremental encoder is a 10-30V push-pull output type, such as the GI58N incremental encoder. 2,Siemens 1200 and absolute encoder 4-20mA signal connection Absolute encoder signal is not afraid of interference, power failure data will not be lost, PLC does not need to count time for absolute encoder, no need to calculate interrupt time for CPU scan and save CPU resources, especially the market price of absolute encoder is greatly reduced. At the same time, due to the improvement of data reliability, the use of absolute encoders can save commissioning time and reduce after-sales service costs. The actual use results and cost-effectiveness are far better than the selection of incremental encoders. Many users tend to use absolute encoders. Due to the economical nature of the Siemens 1200, it is more economical and convenient to connect the 4-20mA signal interface with the absolute value encoder. The Siemens 1200 comes with two 4-20mA input interfaces and can directly connect two with 4-20mA output. The absolute encoder of the interface. The absolute encoder is divided into single-turn absolute value and multi-turn absolute value. The single-turn absolute encoder means that the encoder rotates within 360 degrees or works within 0-180 degrees. The selected encoder is 4mA corresponding to 0 degree. , 360 degrees (or 180 degrees) corresponds to 20mA, the data in the PLC linear corresponding to the angle value, each value corresponds to a unique angle value, the data does not rely on counting, not afraid of interference and power outage, can be directly used in programming. The single-turn absolute encoder is recommended to use GMS412.LB (code 9400S). The encoder can set 20mA corresponding angle value and rotation direction and zero offset. For example, it can set 20mA to 180 degrees and the encoder works at 0- 180 degrees. In the PLC positioning control of length or height, often need to rotate the encoder over 360 degrees of the working range, you need to select a multi-turn absolute encoder, multi-turn absolute encoder 4-20mA output has two types, one It is a fixed range multi-turn absolute value, for example, 16 laps, 64 laps, 256 laps, that is, the corresponding value of 20 mA is 16 lap end points, 64 laps or 256 laps. Such encoders are economical, and the recommended model is GEX60.LB; One is an intelligent multi-turn absolute encoder, 20mA can be set anywhere in the middle of 1-4096 cycles, and zero offset can be set. The recommended model is GAX60.LB (code 9600), this encoder application It is extremely extensive and has been successfully applied in many fields such as lifting, water conservancy, military industry, petroleum, chemical engineering, and various industrial machinery. 3,Siemens 1200 and absolute encoder RS485 or Modbus RTU signal connection Siemens 1200 can be configured to communicate RS485 interface, the interface can be connected to the absolute encoder RS485 signal, including single-turn absolute and multi-turn absolute value, absolute encoder RS485 signal in many forms, more commonly used simple RS485 Broadcast mode (master station active broadcast transmission), free protocol with address sent by the command (slave passive mode), Modbus RTU mode, etc., where if only one absolute encoder is connected, the encoder active mode is available, the protocol is simple The signal is reliable, and if multiple encoders (Bus mode) are to be connected, the Modbus Rtu mode can be selected, but because of polling, each encoder returns slower data refresh and is not suitable for fast moving control. The recommended active mode RS485 encoder is GES38.RDB or GMS412.LB (code 9400S) for single-turn absolute models; GEX60.LB (64 cycles) for multi-turn absolute models, or GAX60 .LB (Code 9600) (4096 cycles) Recommended passive command mode RS485 encoder (1-9 encoders can be connected, including address), single ring absolute value model GMS412.LB (code 9400S); multi-turn absolute value model GEX60.LB (64 cycles ), or GAX60.LB (code 9600) (4096 cycles). The recommended Modbus RTU mode encoder is GMS412.RMB for single-turn absolute models and GAX60.RMB (4096 cycles) for multi-turn absolute models. 4,Siemens 1200 and absolute encoder Profibus-DP signal connection Siemens 1200 can be configured Profibus-DP bus communication interface, this interface is the most commonly used output mode of the European absolute encoder, can choose a variety of European import brand encoders, including the domestic brand absolute encoder, the interface is Siemens Commonly used interfaces, but the cost of the interface encoder is high, including the cost of configuring cable wiring is high, and it is not suitable for the economy of 1200, and is not recommended here. 5, practical case, Siemens 1200 and absolute encoder 4-20mA signal connection, do a simple positioning control Practical application introduction: Single and multi-machine control of hydraulic gate height, lifting height of flood prevention, storage regulation, water supply, and sewage discharge, etc. across the country, hoisted and closed by hoisting crane (lift), each gate station 1-6 gate hoists, Siemens 1200PLC connected to 4-20mA absolute multi-turn encoder interface, configuration HMI, can be a very good and effective completion of such a simple positioning control. The encoder can be mounted on the winding shaft connection of the winch or the connection of the reduction gear shaft. The number of rotations of the encoder is calculated in advance. The 20 mA output of the encoder is set greater than the value of the circle, for example, 16 turns, so that the output of the encoder Each 1mA linear change of 4-20mA corresponds to one rotation of the reel to calculate the height change of the gate lift to control the opening and closing height of the sluice gate. The selected encoder model is the above-mentioned recommended GAX60.LB (code number 9600). The project is applied to a number of sluice gates in the northeastern Harbin, Changzhou, Jiangsu and other places. Practical application introduction 2: The hydraulic dual-cylinder lifts the synchronous control. The larger sluice gate needs to use the left and right two hydraulic cylinders to power up and keep the position synchronous to ensure the smooth lifting and lowering of the gate. The original gate opening meter of a sluice gate in Guangdong is only used for display. Because the reliability of the original display meter is low and the hydraulic cylinder synchronous rectification and lifting control cannot be completed, the user hopes to use a small-scale economical PLC and HMI to replace the original meter only for display. , to improve the control reliability and programmable controllability, PLC chose Siemens 1200, the encoder used an absolute multi-turn encoder 4-20mA signal interface, GAX60.LB (code 9600) 2, respectively, with mechanical installation and Corresponding to the lift height of the two cylinders, the corresponding cylinder height is set to 6m corresponding to 20mA, two 4-20mA signals are connected to the 1200 analog interface, and the PLC is compared with the two sets of data. The electromagnetic valve of the left and right hydraulic cylinders is controlled according to the height difference. , Adjust the flow of hydraulic fluid to the left and right, to adjust the speed of the cylinder to increase or decrease and the position difference, to maintain the synchronization control of the two cylinders lift control. Siemens 1200 PLC supporting two absolute encoder 4-20mA interface, well completed such synchronization correction and lifting control.

Innovation of Encoder Technology and Development of Industrial Applications 1. Theme selection and background With the advancement of Industry 4.0 and the rise of intelligent manufacturing, encoder technology, as a key component for precise measurement and control, plays a crucial role in the field of industrial automation. This article selects "Innovation of Encoder Technology and Development of Industrial Applications" as the theme, aiming to explore the latest progress of encoder technology and its widespread application in the industrial field, providing valuable information for the industry and academia. 2. Purpose and readership The main purpose of this article is to systematically introduce the innovative points of encoder technology, analyze its application cases in different industrial fields, and explore its future development trends. The target audience includes industrial engineers, automation control experts, scholars and graduate students in related fields, as well as general readers interested in encoder technology. 3. Article structure and outline Introduction: Introduce the importance of encoder technology and the purpose of writing this article. Technical background: Overview of the historical development, classification, and basic principles of encoder technology. Innovation analysis: Elaborate on the technical characteristics and innovations of new rotary encoders, angle encoders, linear encoders, and glass disc technologies. Application case: Through practical cases, demonstrate the application and effectiveness of encoder technology in different industrial fields. Future trends: Explore the development direction and potential application areas of encoder technology. Conclusion: Summarize the entire article and emphasize the driving role of encoder technology innovation in industrial development. 4. Content development and discussion In the content development section, this article will combine theory and practice to deeply analyze the innovative points and application cases of encoder technology. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of traditional and new technologies, highlight the advantages of new encoder technology and its application value in the industrial field. 5. Language expression and style This article will adopt a clear, accurate, and objective language expression style, avoiding the use of overly professional or obscure terms. At the same time, emphasis is placed on logic and organization, enabling readers to easily understand the content of the article. 6. Argument and Evidence Support In order to enhance the persuasiveness of the article, relevant research literature, technical reports, and case studies will be cited as arguments and evidence support. By analyzing and evaluating these materials, provide readers with reliable information and evidence. 7. Conclusion and Inspiration In the conclusion section, this article will summarize the positive impact of encoder technology innovation on industrial application development, and point out its future development trends and potential challenges. At the same time, through the discussion and analysis in this article, we hope to provide readers with inspiration and thinking, and promote the further development and application of encoder technology.

Distinction between incremental encoder and absolute encoder Encoders can be divided into incremental pulse encoders: SPC and pulse encoders: APC based on the signal principle. Both are generally applied to the detection elements of speed control or position control systems. The distinction between incremental encoders and encoders. An encoder is a device that generates an information expression form according to a given code. It is a device that compiles and converts signals (such as bit streams) or data into signal forms that can be used for communication, transmission, and storage. It is a device that compiles and converts signals (such as bit streams) or data into signals that can be used for communication, transmission, and storage. Here, I recommend several encoders for you to facilitate your purchase. SM-D2100MPEG2 single-channel encoder is an easy-to-use, powerful MPEG-2 encoder. Supports various standard video and audio signals, including analog component S-VIDEO, analog composite video, and mono or analog stereo. The compressed data output format is ASI / SPI. Compression method MPEG-2MP @ ML, the encoder encodes and multiplexes the audio signal in real time and generates a DVB transmission stream. It is fully compliant with MPEG-2 and has extremely strong compatibility. Its volume is 1U chassis, and can be set and run completely offline through the front panel LCD screen. Its product features: 1. High-fidelity audio processing technology R / L channel, stereo input. 2. Support MPEG-2MP @ ML (4: 2: 0) encoding. 3. The output code rate is continuously adjustable, easy to use and flexible. 4. Rich output and input interface to realize free access. 5. SDT insertion. 6. The network management can be controlled locally and remotely. 7. LCD display, convenient and flexible operation. 8. High reliability design, stable operation.

The principle and use of incremental encoder An encoder is a device that converts an angular displacement or a linear displacement into an electrical signal. According to the working principle, the encoder can be divided into two types: incremental (SPC) and absolute (APC). The incremental encoder converts the displacement into a periodic electrical signal, which is then converted into a counting pulse, and the number of pulses is used to represent the magnitude of the displacement. Here is some introduction to incremental encoders. 1. working principle The working principle of the photoelectric incremental encoder is as follows: the pulse code disc rotating together with the rotating shaft has a uniformly engraved grating, and a plurality of transparent sections and shading sections are evenly distributed on the code disc. Incremental encoders do not have a fixed starting zero. The output is a pulse proportional to the increment of the corner. A counter is required to count the number of pulses. Each time a light transmissive area is rotated, a pulse signal is sent, the current value of the counter is incremented by 1, and the count result corresponds to the increment of the corner. Incremental encoders are simple to manufacture, inexpensive, and sometimes used to measure absolute corners. 2. Incremental encoder classification (1) A single-channel incremental encoder has only one pair of optocouplers inside, and only one pulse sequence can be generated. (2) The AB phase encoder has two pairs of photocouplers inside, and outputs two sets of pulse sequences with a phase difference of 90°. The lead and lag relationship of the two pulses in the forward and reverse directions is just the opposite. As can be seen from the figure below, at the rising edge of the B-phase pulse, the level of the A-phase pulse is reversed when the forward and reverse are reversed. Therefore, using the AB-phase encoder, the PLC can easily recognize the direction of rotation of the shaft. When it is necessary to increase the accuracy of the measurement, the 4th frequency mode can be used, that is, the rising edge and the falling edge of the A and B phase waveforms respectively, and the resolution can be increased by 4 times, but the high frequency of the zui of the measured signal is correspondingly reduced. (3) In addition to the two pairs of optocouplers with dual-channel incremental encoders, the three-channel incremental encoder has one light-transmitting section in the other channel of the pulse code disc, one revolution per revolution, and output 1 One pulse, called the Z-phase zero pulse, is used as the system clear signal, or the origin of the coordinates to reduce the accumulated error of the measurement. The advantages of the incremental encoder are simple structure, long average life, strong anti-interference ability and high reliability, which is suitable for high-precision positioning control for continuous operation. The disadvantage is that the absolute position information of the shaft rotation cannot be output. 3. Encoder selection First, the type of encoder is selected according to the measurement requirements. The number of pulses per revolution of the incremental encoder is equal to the number of lines of its grating. The number of encoder lines should be determined according to the speed measurement or positioning requirements and the encoder speed. The encoder is mounted on the motor shaft or mounted on a shaft after deceleration. The encoder speed is very different. It should also be considered whether the high frequency of the zui of the pulse it emits is within the range allowed by the PLC's high-speed counter. 3. Coordination problem between encoder and PLC high-speed counter Taking the S7-200 as an example, when using a single-channel incremental encoder, the single-phase up/down counter mode (mode 0~5) of the high-speed counter can be selected, which can be subdivided into yes/no external direction input signals, with / No reset input and with/without start input signal. When using the AB phase encoder, the high-speed counter should select the A/B phase quadrature counter mode (modes 9 to 11), which can be used to count up during forward rotation and count down during reverse rotation. 4. How to judge whether the AB phase encoder is forward or reverse? The high-speed counter of the S7-200 uses the current count direction status bit in the SM area to indicate the direction of rotation of the encoder. If the period of the encoder output pulse is greater than twice the scan cycle time of the PLC, the direction of the encoder rotation can be judged by judging the 0, 1 state of the A phase pulse signal on the rising edge of the B phase pulse. Information from:

New Breakthroughs in Encoder Technology: High Precision and High Efficiency Becoming New Standards introduction With the rapid development of technology, encoders, as key equipment for data transmission and communication, have always received widespread attention for their technological innovation and application expansion. Recently, significant breakthroughs have been made in the field of encoders, with high-precision and high-efficiency encoders becoming a new industry standard. Background Introduction Encoder is a device that converts angular or linear displacement into electrical signals and is widely used in various mechanical and control systems. In recent years, with the rapid development of industries such as intelligent manufacturing and automation, encoders have put forward higher requirements in terms of accuracy, stability, and reliability. primary coverage Recently, a well-known technology company has launched a high-precision and high-efficiency encoder product. This product adopts advanced manufacturing processes and algorithms, achieving higher coding accuracy and faster response speed. Compared to traditional encoders, this product has lower energy consumption, longer service life, and higher stability. In addition, the encoder also supports multiple communication protocols and can seamlessly connect with other devices, providing users with more convenient solutions. At the same time, the encoder also has strong anti-interference ability and can operate stably in harsh working environments. case analysis To verify the performance of the encoder, we conducted on-site testing in a large manufacturing enterprise. The results show that the encoder can still maintain stable encoding accuracy under high-speed operation, greatly improving production efficiency. At the same time, its low-power design also saves a lot of energy costs for enterprises. Conclusion Summary With the launch of high-precision and high-efficiency encoder products, the encoder industry has entered a new stage of development. The successful application of this product not only enhances the overall level of encoder technology, but also injects new impetus into the development of industries such as intelligent manufacturing and automation. Personal opinions I believe that high-precision and high-efficiency encoder products will become the mainstream in the future market. With the continuous promotion of intelligent manufacturing and automation technology, as one of the core equipment, the improvement of encoder performance will directly promote the progress of the entire industry. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the sustainable development and environmental issues of encoder technology, ensuring that it not only creates value for society, but also conforms to the development concept of green environmental protection. Future outlook Looking ahead to the future, I look forward to greater breakthroughs in encoder technology in terms of accuracy, efficiency, stability, and more. At the same time, I also hope that the encoder industry can strengthen cooperation and communication with related fields such as intelligent manufacturing and automation, and jointly promote the rapid development of the entire industry. In addition, with the popularization and application of technologies such as the Internet of Things and big data, encoders, as key devices for data transmission and communication, will further expand and enrich their application scenarios.

Encoder Magnetic encoders are used in imaging systems such as X-ray, CT, PET, and MRI devices to replace analog potentiometers. MagRes encoders are available in single-turn and multi-turn versions, with standard 42- and 58-mm housings respectively. They have an optimum operating temperature of -20 to 85 degrees Celsius. The single-turn encoder weighs 120 grams and has a 12-bit resolution. The multi-turn encoder weighs 400 grams and has a 30-bit resolution. The device's zero-point adjustment is accompanied by a fan-shaped scan display and parallel output. Source of information: pack.cn

Ppt video encoder is not available The reason why ppt video encoder is not available: The WMA audio file format you inserted is not compatible with PPT, although a codec is not available. The PPT is compatible with other playback software used on the computer, so it can play audio. Find compatible WMA audio files and use Windows Media Audio to compress sound files. It is usually published on the Internet and downloaded from the Internet. avi, asf, asx, mlv, mpg, wmv insertion method: 1. Using the "Insert Movie" command method in the "Insert" menu of PoerPoint is simple and common, and will not be described here. 2. Use the "Insert Object" command method in the "Insert" menu of PoerPoint 3. Use Insert Control Using this method must ensure that Windows MediaPlayer or RealPlayer player is installed in the system, first insert the video file as a control into the slide, and then modify the control properties to achieve the purpose of playing the video. Proceed as follows: (1) Run the PowerPoint program and open the slide that needs to be inserted into the video file. (2) Open the "View" menu, call up the "Control Toolbox" panel through the "Toolbar" sub-item, and select the "Other Controls" button to click. (3) In the open control options interface, select the "Windows Media Player" option, and then move the mouse to the PowerPoint slide editing area, draw a rectangular area of appropriate size, this rectangular area will automatically be converted to Windows Media Player player interface. (4) Use the mouse to select the playback interface, then click the right mouse button and select the "Properties" command from the pop-up shortcut menu to open the "Properties" window of the media playback interface. (5) In the "Properties" window, enter the detailed path (absolute path and relative path) and full file name of the video file to be inserted into the slide in the "URL" setting item, other options can be default. (6) During the slide show, you can control the video freely through the buttons of "play", "stop", "pause" and "adjust volume" and "progress bar" in the media player. How to insert video files such as rm, ra, rmvb Using Windows Media Player control can realize the playback of mpg, asf, avi, wmv and other video files, but it does not support the playback of RM video files, so how to realize the playback of RM video files in PowerPoint? If you use other video conversion software to convert the RM video file to AVI or MPG format file and then insert it, the speed is slow and the converted file size is also large, we can also use the "Control Toolbox" in PowerPoint to insert the RM format Video files, the method is as follows: 1. Open the PowerPoint slide file, and open the slide to be inserted into the video file. 2. Through the "View" menu, bring up the "Control Toolbox" panel, click the "Other Controls" button and select "RealPlayer G2" (at this time, the computer must have RealPlayer player installed), when the mouse becomes "+" At the time, use the left button to drag out a suitable size area (this area is the size of RealPlayer player) in the work area. 3. Right-click on this area, execute the "Properties" command in the pop-up shortcut menu, and enter the detailed path and full file name of the RM format file to be inserted after the "Source" item in the pop-up properties dialog box (must bring Suffix rm, for example, 8.rm, otherwise it cannot be displayed), select "false" after the "autostart" item to indicate that the video file will not be played automatically during playback. Other items are sufficient by default. Using the RM video file inserted in this way, displaying the realplay player interface during playback can easily perform operations such as volume, play, stop, pause, and progress dragging. Using this method must ensure that the realplayer player is installed in the system. The video files inserted by these two methods have a variety of operation buttons to choose from, and the playback process can be completely controlled by yourself, which is more convenient and flexible. This method is more suitable for the situation where pictures, texts and videos in PowerPoint courseware are on the same page. How to insert FLV video into PowerPoint: 1. Hyperlink method It is achieved by inserting a hyperlink of text or picture. This is very simple to make and is a method that everyone is very familiar with. However, it will be inconvenient and unintuitive to pop up a video playback window when using it, so I will not repeat it here. 2. Conversion method This method is actually using video conversion software to convert flv format video files into video formats like avi, mpg, etc. directly supported by PowerPoint, and then use PowerPoint to insert video menu commands to insert. The result of this processing essentially changes the format of the flv file, which is not only cumbersome to process, but also the video effect is greatly reduced due to the change in the video format of the processed video, while increasing the size of the video file. So this method is suitable for those who do not have high requirements for video quality, and the volume of video files in courseware is not limited. 3. Packing method This method is actually similar to the conversion method, except that the FLV video is imported into the Flash software and then exported as a SWF format file, and then the converted SWF format file is inserted and played in the PowerPoint using the Shockwave Flash Object control. The effect of this method, although the converted file volume is not as large as the avi and mpg files converted by the conversion method, the video effect will also be discounted. 4. Control method The plug-in method is to insert a Windows MediaPlayer control in PowerPoint and use this space to play flv video files, but to enable Windows Media Player to play flv video files, you first need to install a decoder for flv files on your computer. There are many decoders, I recommend a K-Lite Codec Pack. The installation of the decoder is very simple and will not be repeated here. Here is how to use the Windows Media Player control. (1) Open the slideshow where the video file needs to be inserted. Using Windows Media Player control can realize the playback of mpg, asf, avi, wmv and other video files, but it does not support the playback of RM video files, so how to realize the playback of RM video files in PowerPoint? If you use other video conversion software to convert the RM video file to AVI or MPG format file and then insert it, the speed is slow and the converted file size is also large, we can also use the "Control Toolbox" in PowerPoint to insert the RM format Video files, the method is as follows: (2) Open the "View" menu, call up the "Control Toolbox" panel through the "Toolbar" sub-item, and select the "Other Controls" button to click. (3) In the open control options interface, select the "Windows Media Player" option, and then move the mouse to the PowerPoint slide editing area, draw a rectangular area of appropriate size, this rectangular area will be automatically converted into WindowsMedia Player Player interface. (4) Use the mouse to select the playback interface, then click the right mouse button and select the "Properties" command from the pop-up shortcut menu to open the "Properties" window of the media playback interface. (5) In the "Properties" window, enter the detailed path and full file name of the flv video file that needs to be inserted into the slide at the "URL" setting item, other options can be defaulted. So far, during the slide show, you can play the inserted flv video file through the inserted Windows Media Player player control, and at the same time, you can also realize "play", "stop", "pause" and "adjust volume" for the video file. And the "progress bar" drag control. This method is not complicated to implement, and the inserted flv video file can achieve more control functions. The author recommends this method. 5. Player method Player method (that is, write a local FLV player similar to Google's web player googleplayer.swf in the Flsh editing environment, and then insert the Shockwave Flash Object plug-in in PowerPoint to play) The specific implementation steps are as follows: (1) Make FLV video player file (swf format file) The method of making FLV video player is not repeated here. Here we name the player made flvplayer.swf (2) Switch to the slide where you want to insert Flash animation. Open the "View" menu, bring up the "Control Toolbox" panel (3) Click "Other Controls" in the "Control Toolbox" to pop up the AcTIveX control window, find "Shobkwave Flash Object" in the control list and click, then the system will automatically close the control window. (4) Move the cursor to the editing area of the PowerPoint slide. The cursor changes to a "ten" shape. Press the left mouse button and drag to draw a rectangular frame of appropriate size. This rectangular area is the area where the Flash animation is played. (5) Click the right mouse button inside the rectangular frame, click "Properties" in the shortcut menu that appears, and the "Properties" window will pop up. (6) Enter flvplayer.swf directly in the text box on the right side of the "Movie" column in the "Properties" window? file = filename.FLV, "filename.FLV" is the file name of the FLV video we need to play. This means that the file name of the FLV video (if you are not in the same directory as the courseware, you need to add the detailed path) to the flvplayer.swf file through the parameter file. For other projects, just use the system default. Finally, close the "Properties" window and return to the PowerPoint slide editing window. This method is more complicated to operate, especially when you make the swf file format player file yourself. Interested readers can try it. Readers can choose to use the above methods according to their needs. Through the above discussion, we can insert these commonly used video files into PowerPoint, I hope to help everyone

The principle and use of incremental encoder An encoder is a device that converts an angular displacement or a linear displacement into an electrical signal. According to the working principle, the encoder can be divided into two types: incremental (SPC) and absolute (APC). The incremental encoder converts the displacement into a periodic electrical signal, which is then converted into a counting pulse, and the number of pulses is used to represent the magnitude of the displacement. Here is some introduction to incremental encoders. 1. working principle The working principle of the photoelectric incremental encoder is as follows: the pulse code disc rotating together with the rotating shaft has a uniformly engraved grating, and a plurality of transparent sections and shading sections are evenly distributed on the code disc. Incremental encoders do not have a fixed starting zero. The output is a pulse proportional to the increment of the corner. A counter is required to count the number of pulses. Each time a light transmissive area is rotated, a pulse signal is sent, the current value of the counter is incremented by 1, and the count result corresponds to the increment of the corner. Incremental encoders are simple to manufacture, inexpensive, and sometimes used to measure absolute corners. 2. Incremental encoder classification (1) A single-channel incremental encoder has only one pair of optocouplers inside, and only one pulse sequence can be generated. (2) The AB phase encoder has two pairs of photocouplers inside, and outputs two sets of pulse sequences with a phase difference of 90°. The lead and lag relationship of the two pulses in the forward and reverse directions is just the opposite. As can be seen from the figure below, at the rising edge of the B-phase pulse, the level of the A-phase pulse is reversed when the forward and reverse are reversed. Therefore, using the AB-phase encoder, the PLC can easily recognize the direction of rotation of the shaft. When it is necessary to increase the accuracy of the measurement, the 4th frequency mode can be used, that is, the rising edge and the falling edge of the A and B phase waveforms respectively, and the resolution can be increased by 4 times, but the high frequency of the zui of the measured signal is correspondingly reduced. (3) In addition to the two pairs of optocouplers with dual-channel incremental encoders, the three-channel incremental encoder has one light-transmitting section in the other channel of the pulse code disc, one revolution per revolution, and output 1 One pulse, called the Z-phase zero pulse, is used as the system clear signal, or the origin of the coordinates to reduce the accumulated error of the measurement. The advantages of the incremental encoder are simple structure, long average life, strong anti-interference ability and high reliability, which is suitable for high-precision positioning control for continuous operation. The disadvantage is that the absolute position information of the shaft rotation cannot be output. 3. Encoder selection First, the type of encoder is selected according to the measurement requirements. The number of pulses per revolution of the incremental encoder is equal to the number of lines of its grating. The number of encoder lines should be determined according to the speed measurement or positioning requirements and the encoder speed. The encoder is mounted on the motor shaft or mounted on a shaft after deceleration. The encoder speed is very different. It should also be considered whether the high frequency of the zui of the pulse it emits is within the range allowed by the PLC's high-speed counter. 3. Coordination problem between encoder and PLC high-speed counter Taking the S7-200 as an example, when using a single-channel incremental encoder, the single-phase up/down counter mode (mode 0~5) of the high-speed counter can be selected, which can be subdivided into yes/no external direction input signals, with / No reset input and with/without start input signal. When using the AB phase encoder, the high-speed counter should select the A/B phase quadrature counter mode (modes 9 to 11), which can be used to count up during forward rotation and count down during reverse rotation. 4. How to judge whether the AB phase encoder is forward or reverse? The high-speed counter of the S7-200 uses the current count direction status bit in the SM area to indicate the direction of rotation of the encoder. If the period of the encoder output pulse is greater than twice the scan cycle time of the PLC, the direction of the encoder rotation can be judged by judging the 0, 1 state of the A phase pulse signal on the rising edge of the B phase pulse. Information from:

The balance of the textile mechanism of the intelligent textile machine is of great significance for improving the reliability of the work of the components and reducing the vibration, especially the noise in the textile production. In addition to the application of parts used in general machinery manufacturing, textile machines are also widely used in a series of special parts and mechanisms with unbalanced quality. In most cases, the parts with unbalanced quality are in the textile machine. The main body, and only intrinsic on the textile machine. The motor is an intrinsic component of a smart-controlled textile machine. The monitoring of the motor shaft is an important technology. The Rep-Avago's 48mm 6-channel incremental encoder from Shenzhen Shiqiang can meet the application of the textile industry. The 6-channel incremental encoder is a high-precision metering grating as a detecting component, and converts the input angular position information into a corresponding pulse or digital code detecting device by photoelectric conversion technology. Incremental encoders consist of LED light sources, grating pairs, optoelectronic receivers, spindles, electronic processing circuits and more. The grating pair is composed of a main grating code disc and an indicating grating as a main detecting unit of the photoelectric encoder; the code disc is fixed on the main shaft, and the other components are fixed as the main shaft rotates synchronously. The 6-Channel Incremental Encoder 48T2 Series is a high performance, low cost 6 channel incremental optical encoder. The chip is suitable for small and medium-sized servo motors and uses a transmissive principle, which can be applied at -25 ° C to 100 ° C. The 48T2 series encoder signal output has (A&B) two quadrature signals and zero signal (I), as well as motor magnetic pole position signals U, V, W. The encoder has excellent switching accuracy and high response speed, which makes the coding It is one of the ideal choices for servo motor position detection of textile machines. 6-channel incremental encoder 48T2 series features : 1) Six-channel integrated output (ABI, UVW) 2) Two orthogonal signals and zero signal output (A, B, I) 3) The zero signal output is 180 degrees or 360 degrees. 4) RS-422 long-line drive output, 8-wire or 14-wire optional 5) Maximum support 2500CPR 6) Operating temperature -25 ° C to 100 ° C 7) Response frequency of 250Khz 8) Support voltage DC+5V 9) RoHS compliant 10) Sealability is IP40 6-channel incremental encoder 48T2 series application project: • Servo motor, DC brushless motor • Textile machinery • CNC machine tools • Factory automation • Elevator About Shiqiang Founded in 1993, Shiqiang Advanced includes Avago, Renesas Electronics, Silicon Labs, Rogers, Melexis, Infineon, Acam, Alliance, Micrel, Littelfuse, NEMICON, EMC & RF Labs, EPSON, Cpyress, Vincotech, SMI, Ricoh Microelectronics, Keysight and other world-renowned semiconductor companies and test and measurement instruments companies are important distributors in Greater China, and are also important suppliers to many electronics manufacturing and R&D companies. In the communications, consumer and automotive electronics sectors, more emerging markets such as the Internet of Things, Internet of Vehicles, Wearables, and Smart Mobile Devices bring more cutting-edge technologies and innovative products. As a technology-driven distribution company, Shiqiang also has a mature technical support team and system service processes to provide customers with new product introduction, rapid sample, application consulting, solution and software design, development environment, after-sales and logistics. Professional services. In 2014, Shiqiang had annual sales of US$232 million and has 17 branches and offices throughout the country, with nearly 500 employees.

Decarburization pump incremental transformation Abstract: Through the reformation of centrifugal pump impeller structure, increasing the flow, raising the lift, meeting the production requirements. Key words: Centrifugal pump retrofit flow rate increase The decarburization system in our workshop adopts the hot potash method to remove CO2 from the low volatility gas to provide a qualified hydrogen-nitrogen mixture for ammonia synthesis and at the same time provides CO2 gas with purity greater than 98% for urea production. The solution circulation mainly by decarbonization pump to provide energy. Over the years, the system load is low, the required flow is less than 200m3 / h, far less than the design capacity of the pump 480m3 / h. In order to reduce power consumption, in 92 years its impeller cylindrical cutting, the effect is good. However, since the first phase of the 81 August fertilizer program was put into operation in 1999, the required flow rate increased to 240 m3 / h. According to the reconstruction team's calculation, the large pump impeller was restored to the original large impeller, basically meeting the production requirements at that time. When the second phase of fertilizer "8 · 13" was put into operation in 2001, the required flow rate increased to 280m3 / h. At this moment, the problem is exposed, the flow of large pump can not be increased any more, the liquid-liquid phenomenon appears in the atmospheric tower, Production is very unstable, the load is difficult to increase. In order to solve this bottleneck that restricts production, the workshop and the maneuver department formed a special research personnel. improvement measures Pump volute erosion wear problems, due to the difficulty of repairing, do not deal with. In order to reduce the backflow, strictly control the impeller wear ring and pump wear ring gap at 0.50 ~ 0.68mm, but at the same time on the pump shaft stiffness, straightness and the manufacturers conducted a coordinated, in strict accordance with the technical requirements. Such as quenching and tempering should be done to the regular manufacturers, and a written report. After each overhaul, should use the dial indicator to find the correct control tolerance is less than 0.05mm, to ensure that the pump shaft concentric with the motor shaft. Reasonable deployment of system heat balance in production, as far as possible to reduce the temperature of imported lye, the maximum shall not exceed 108 ℃. Aiming at the impeller structure problem, Yangzhou Lianxing Pump Co., Ltd. commissioned by the Department of Mechanical Engineering to recalculate the design without changing the assembly size in two steps. The first step is to improve the blade involute, Welded type, eliminating the bumpy inner surface after casting defect. The second step in the intensity of the allowable range of accounting, the appropriate reduction of the thickness of the blade and the front and rear cover, increasing the size of the entrance. Transformation effect After the new impeller put into operation, the operation is smooth and the effect is good. After the first improvement of the impeller structure, the flow rate is increased from 240m3 / h to 270m3 / h, basically meeting the production requirements. After the second improvement, the flow rate is increased To 310m3 / h, higher than the 280m3 / h currently required to sustain high-load production. In the case of unstable production, it is easy to adjust the process, increase the flexibility of operation, increase the capacity of absorbing CO2, eliminate the phenomenon of blocking the two towers and eliminate a big bottleneck of the restriction of the workshop control load. Foundation.

Encoder Magnetic encoders are used in imaging systems such as X-ray, CT, PET, and MRI devices to replace analog potentiometers. MagRes encoders are available in single-turn and multi-turn versions, with standard 42- and 58-mm housings respectively. They have an optimum operating temperature of -20 to 85 degrees Celsius. The single-turn encoder weighs 120 grams and has a 12-bit resolution. The multi-turn encoder weighs 400 grams and has a 30-bit resolution. The device's zero-point adjustment is accompanied by a fan-shaped scan display and parallel output. Source of information: pack.cn

Incremental encoder phase alignment - Database & Sql Blog Articles Factory direct 0805 red light quality absolutely guaranteed price absolute advantage Programmable Package SG-8018CA(SG7050C) 0.67M~170M AD brand ADUM1402ARWZ special treatment original imported absolutely original The output signal of the incremental encoder is a square wave signal, which can be divided into an incremental encoder with a commutation signal and a conventional incremental encoder. The ordinary incremental encoder has a two-phase orthogonal square wave. Pulse output signals A and B, and zero-bit signal Z; Incremental encoder with commutation signal, in addition to the ABZ output signal, also has the number of revolutions per revolution of the electronic commutation signal with 120 degrees difference from each other and the motor rotor The number of magnetic poles is the same. The alignment of the phase of the UVW electronic commutation signal with the incremental encoder with the commutation signal and the phase of the rotor pole, or the phase of the electrical angle are as follows: 1. Use a DC power supply to pass the DC winding of the motor to a DC current less than the rated current, U in, V out, to orient the motor shaft to an equilibrium position; 2. Observe the U phase signal and Z signal of the encoder with an oscilloscope; adjust the relative position of the encoder shaft and the motor shaft, or the relative position of the encoder housing and the motor housing, according to the convenience of operation; 3. While adjusting, observe the U-phase signal edge of the encoder and the Z signal until the Z signal is stable at a high level (in this case, the normal state of the Z signal is low), and lock the encoder to the motor. Positional relationship; Reverse the motor shaft back and forth. After releasing the hand, if the motor shaft is free to return to the equilibrium position each time, the Z signal can be stabilized at a high level, and the alignment is effective. After removing the DC power supply, verify as follows: Observe the U phase signal of the encoder and the UV back EMF waveform of the motor with an oscilloscope; When the motor shaft is rotated, the rising edge of the U-phase signal of the encoder coincides with the zero-crossing point of the UV line back EMF waveform of the motor, and the Z signal of the encoder also appears at this zero-crossing point. The above verification method can also be used as an alignment method. It should be noted that at this time, the phase zero point of the U-phase signal of the incremental encoder is aligned with the phase zero point of the motor UV back-EM potential. Since the U-electrode potential of the motor is different from the UV-line back-EM potential by 30 degrees, After this alignment, the phase zero point of the U-phase signal of the incremental encoder is aligned with the -30-degree phase point of the opposite potential of the motor U, and the phase angle of the motor electrical angle is the same as the phase of the potential waveform of the U opposite, so the incremental coding is performed at this time. The phase zero of the U-phase signal of the device is aligned with the -30 degree point of the electrical phase angle of the motor. ^ Some servo companies are accustomed to directly aligning the zero point of the encoder's U-phase signal with the zero point of the motor's electrical angle. To achieve this, you can: 1. Connect three stars with the same resistance to form a star, and then connect the three resistors connected to the star to the UVW three-phase winding leads of the motor; 2. Observing the midpoint of the U-phase input of the motor and the star-shaped resistor with an oscilloscope, the approximate U-potential waveform of the motor can be approximated; Adjusting the relative position of the encoder shaft and the motor shaft, or the relative position of the encoder housing and the motor housing, depending on the ease of operation; 3. While adjusting, observe the rising edge of the U-phase signal of the encoder and the zero-crossing point of the potential waveform of the motor U from low to high, and finally make the rising edge and the zero-crossing point coincide, lock the relative position relationship between the encoder and the motor, and complete the alignment. . Since the conventional incremental encoder does not have UVW phase information, and the Z signal can only reflect one point within one circle, and does not have direct phase alignment potential, it is not a topic of discussion. Phase Alignment of Absolute Encoders The phase alignment of absolute encoders is not much different for single and multiple turns. In fact, the phase of the detected phase of the encoder and the electrical angle of the motor are aligned within one turn. Early absolute encoders gave the highest level of the single-turn phase as a separate pin. With this level of 0 and 1 flipping, the phase alignment of the encoder and motor can also be achieved as follows: Use a DC power supply to pass the UV winding of the motor to a DC current less than the rated current, U in, V out, to orient the motor shaft to an equilibrium position; 4. Observe the highest count bit level signal of the absolute encoder with an oscilloscope; Depending on the ease of operation, adjust the relative position of the encoder shaft and the motor shaft, or adjust the relative position of the encoder housing and the motor housing while observing the transition edge of the highest count bit signal until the jump edge appears accurately in the motor. The relative positional relationship between the encoder and the motor is locked at the directional balance position of the shaft; 5. Reverse the motor shaft back and forth. After the hand is released, if the motor shaft is free to return to the equilibrium position each time, the jump edge can be accurately reproduced, and the alignment is effective.

Incremental encoder phase alignment - Database & Sql Blog Articles Factory direct 0805 red light quality absolutely guaranteed price absolute advantage Programmable Package SG-8018CA(SG7050C) 0.67M~170M AD brand ADUM1402ARWZ special treatment original imported absolutely original The output signal of the incremental encoder is a square wave signal, which can be divided into an incremental encoder with a commutation signal and a conventional incremental encoder. The ordinary incremental encoder has a two-phase orthogonal square wave. Pulse output signals A and B, and zero-bit signal Z; Incremental encoder with commutation signal, in addition to the ABZ output signal, also has the number of revolutions per revolution of the electronic commutation signal with 120 degrees difference from each other and the motor rotor The number of magnetic poles is the same. The alignment of the phase of the UVW electronic commutation signal with the incremental encoder with the commutation signal and the phase of the rotor pole, or the phase of the electrical angle are as follows: 1. Use a DC power supply to pass the DC winding of the motor to a DC current less than the rated current, U in, V out, to orient the motor shaft to an equilibrium position; 2. Observe the U phase signal and Z signal of the encoder with an oscilloscope; adjust the relative position of the encoder shaft and the motor shaft, or the relative position of the encoder housing and the motor housing, according to the convenience of operation; 3. While adjusting, observe the U-phase signal edge of the encoder and the Z signal until the Z signal is stable at a high level (in this case, the normal state of the Z signal is low), and lock the encoder to the motor. Positional relationship; Reverse the motor shaft back and forth. After releasing the hand, if the motor shaft is free to return to the equilibrium position each time, the Z signal can be stabilized at a high level, and the alignment is effective. After removing the DC power supply, verify as follows: Observe the U phase signal of the encoder and the UV back EMF waveform of the motor with an oscilloscope; When the motor shaft is rotated, the rising edge of the U-phase signal of the encoder coincides with the zero-crossing point of the UV line back EMF waveform of the motor, and the Z signal of the encoder also appears at this zero-crossing point. The above verification method can also be used as an alignment method. It should be noted that at this time, the phase zero point of the U-phase signal of the incremental encoder is aligned with the phase zero point of the motor UV back-EM potential. Since the U-electrode potential of the motor is different from the UV-line back-EM potential by 30 degrees, After this alignment, the phase zero point of the U-phase signal of the incremental encoder is aligned with the -30-degree phase point of the opposite potential of the motor U, and the phase angle of the motor electrical angle is the same as the phase of the potential waveform of the U opposite, so the incremental coding is performed at this time. The phase zero of the U-phase signal of the device is aligned with the -30 degree point of the electrical phase angle of the motor. ^ Some servo companies are accustomed to directly aligning the zero point of the encoder's U-phase signal with the zero point of the motor's electrical angle. To achieve this, you can: 1. Connect three stars with the same resistance to form a star, and then connect the three resistors connected to the star to the UVW three-phase winding leads of the motor; 2. Observing the midpoint of the U-phase input of the motor and the star-shaped resistor with an oscilloscope, the approximate U-potential waveform of the motor can be approximated; Adjusting the relative position of the encoder shaft and the motor shaft, or the relative position of the encoder housing and the motor housing, depending on the ease of operation; 3. While adjusting, observe the rising edge of the U-phase signal of the encoder and the zero-crossing point of the potential waveform of the motor U from low to high, and finally make the rising edge and the zero-crossing point coincide, lock the relative position relationship between the encoder and the motor, and complete the alignment. . Since the conventional incremental encoder does not have UVW phase information, and the Z signal can only reflect one point within one circle, and does not have direct phase alignment potential, it is not a topic of discussion. Phase Alignment of Absolute Encoders The phase alignment of absolute encoders is not much different for single and multiple turns. In fact, the phase of the detected phase of the encoder and the electrical angle of the motor are aligned within one turn. Early absolute encoders gave the highest level of the single-turn phase as a separate pin. With this level of 0 and 1 flipping, the phase alignment of the encoder and motor can also be achieved as follows: Use a DC power supply to pass the UV winding of the motor to a DC current less than the rated current, U in, V out, to orient the motor shaft to an equilibrium position; 4. Observe the highest count bit level signal of the absolute encoder with an oscilloscope; Depending on the ease of operation, adjust the relative position of the encoder shaft and the motor shaft, or adjust the relative position of the encoder housing and the motor housing while observing the transition edge of the highest count bit signal until the jump edge appears accurately in the motor. The relative positional relationship between the encoder and the motor is locked at the directional balance position of the shaft; 5. Reverse the motor shaft back and forth. After the hand is released, if the motor shaft is free to return to the equilibrium position each time, the jump edge can be accurately reproduced, and the alignment is effective.

The principle and use of incremental encoder An encoder is a device that converts an angular displacement or a linear displacement into an electrical signal. According to the working principle, the encoder can be divided into two types: incremental (SPC) and absolute (APC). The incremental encoder converts the displacement into a periodic electrical signal, which is then converted into a counting pulse, and the number of pulses is used to represent the magnitude of the displacement. Here is some introduction to incremental encoders. 1. working principle The working principle of the photoelectric incremental encoder is as follows: the pulse code disc rotating together with the rotating shaft has a uniformly engraved grating, and a plurality of transparent sections and shading sections are evenly distributed on the code disc. Incremental encoders do not have a fixed starting zero. The output is a pulse proportional to the increment of the corner. A counter is required to count the number of pulses. Each time a light transmissive area is rotated, a pulse signal is sent, the current value of the counter is incremented by 1, and the count result corresponds to the increment of the corner. Incremental encoders are simple to manufacture, inexpensive, and sometimes used to measure absolute corners. 2. Incremental encoder classification (1) A single-channel incremental encoder has only one pair of optocouplers inside, and only one pulse sequence can be generated. (2) The AB phase encoder has two pairs of photocouplers inside, and outputs two sets of pulse sequences with a phase difference of 90°. The lead and lag relationship of the two pulses in the forward and reverse directions is just the opposite. As can be seen from the figure below, at the rising edge of the B-phase pulse, the level of the A-phase pulse is reversed when the forward and reverse are reversed. Therefore, using the AB-phase encoder, the PLC can easily recognize the direction of rotation of the shaft. When it is necessary to increase the accuracy of the measurement, the 4th frequency mode can be used, that is, the rising edge and the falling edge of the A and B phase waveforms respectively, and the resolution can be increased by 4 times, but the high frequency of the zui of the measured signal is correspondingly reduced. (3) In addition to the two pairs of optocouplers with dual-channel incremental encoders, the three-channel incremental encoder has one light-transmitting section in the other channel of the pulse code disc, one revolution per revolution, and output 1 One pulse, called the Z-phase zero pulse, is used as the system clear signal, or the origin of the coordinates to reduce the accumulated error of the measurement. The advantages of the incremental encoder are simple structure, long average life, strong anti-interference ability and high reliability, which is suitable for high-precision positioning control for continuous operation. The disadvantage is that the absolute position information of the shaft rotation cannot be output. 3. Encoder selection First, the type of encoder is selected according to the measurement requirements. The number of pulses per revolution of the incremental encoder is equal to the number of lines of its grating. The number of encoder lines should be determined according to the speed measurement or positioning requirements and the encoder speed. The encoder is mounted on the motor shaft or mounted on a shaft after deceleration. The encoder speed is very different. It should also be considered whether the high frequency of the zui of the pulse it emits is within the range allowed by the PLC's high-speed counter. 3. Coordination problem between encoder and PLC high-speed counter Taking the S7-200 as an example, when using a single-channel incremental encoder, the single-phase up/down counter mode (mode 0~5) of the high-speed counter can be selected, which can be subdivided into yes/no external direction input signals, with / No reset input and with/without start input signal. When using the AB phase encoder, the high-speed counter should select the A/B phase quadrature counter mode (modes 9 to 11), which can be used to count up during forward rotation and count down during reverse rotation. 4. How to judge whether the AB phase encoder is forward or reverse? The high-speed counter of the S7-200 uses the current count direction status bit in the SM area to indicate the direction of rotation of the encoder. If the period of the encoder output pulse is greater than twice the scan cycle time of the PLC, the direction of the encoder rotation can be judged by judging the 0, 1 state of the A phase pulse signal on the rising edge of the B phase pulse.

The rotary incremental encoder outputs a pulse when it is rotated, and its position is known by the counting device. When the encoder is not moving or power is off, the internal memory of the counting device is used to remember the position. In this way, when the power is off, the encoder can't have any movement. When the caller works, the encoder can not interrupt and lose the pulse during the output pulse. Otherwise, the zero point of the counting device will shift, and this bias The amount of shift is unknown, and only the wrong production result can be known. The solution is to increase the reference point, and the encoder corrects the reference position into the memory position of the counting device every time the encoder passes the reference point. Before the reference point, the accuracy of the position cannot be guaranteed. For this reason, in the industrial control, there are methods such as finding a reference point for each operation, and starting to change the zero. For example, the positioning of the printer scanner is the incremental encoder principle. Every time we turn it on, we can hear a bang, it is looking for the reference zero, and then it works. This method is more troublesome for some industrial control projects, and even does not allow booting to change to zero (you must know the exact position after booting), so there is an absolute encoder. Absolute rotary photoelectric encoders have been widely used in angle, length measurement and positioning control in various industrial systems because of their absolute uniqueness, anti-interference and no need for power-down memory. There are many scribe lines on the absolute encoder optical disc. Each line is followed by 2 lines, 4 lines, 8 lines and 16 lines. Orchestration, so that at each position of the encoder, by reading the pass and dark of each reticle, a set of unique binary codes from the zeroth power of 2 to the n-1 power of 2 is obtained (Gray Code), this is called an n-bit absolute encoder. Such an encoder is determined by the mechanical position of the code wheel and is immune to power outages and interference. Absolute encoder uniqueness of each position determined by the mechanical position, it does not need to remember, no need to find a reference point, and do not have to count all the time, when you need to know the position, when to read its position. In this way, the anti-jamming characteristics of the encoder and the reliability of the data are greatly improved. Since absolute encoders are significantly superior to incremental encoders in positioning, they have been increasingly used in industrial positioning. Due to its high precision, the absolute encoder has a large number of output bits. If parallel output is still used, each output signal must ensure that the connection is good, and it is isolated for more complicated working conditions, and the number of connecting cable cores is large. It brings a lot of inconvenience and reduces reliability. Therefore, the absolute encoder is a serial output or a bus type output in the multi-digit output type. The most commonly used serial output of the absolute encoder produced in Germany is SSI (synchronous string). Line output). Rotating a single-turn absolute encoder from a single-turn absolute encoder to a multi-turn absolute encoder to measure each line of the optical encoder in rotation to obtain a unique code. When the rotation exceeds 360 degrees, the code is returned. To the origin, this does not conform to the principle of absolute coding. Such an encoder can only be used for measurements within a range of 360 degrees, called a single-turn absolute encoder. If you want to measure the range of rotation over 360 degrees, you need to use a multi-turn absolute encoder. The encoder manufacturer uses the principle of the watch gear mechanism. When the center code wheel rotates, another set of code wheels (or sets of gears, multiple sets of code disks) is driven by the gear, and the number of turns is increased on the basis of the single-turn coding. Encoding to expand the measuring range of the encoder, such an absolute encoder is called a multi-turn absolute encoder, which is also determined by mechanical position determination, and each position code is unique and does not need to be memorized. Another advantage of the multi-turn encoder is that due to the large measurement range, the actual use is often more affluent, so that it is not necessary to find a zero point during installation, and an intermediate position is used as a starting point, which greatly simplifies the difficulty of installation and debugging. Multi-turn absolute encoders have obvious advantages in length positioning and have been increasingly used in industrial positioning.

From incremental encoder to absolute multiturn encoder - News - Global IC Trade Starts Here. Factory direct 0805 red light quality absolutely guaranteed price absolute advantage Programmable Package SG-8018CA(SG7050C) 0.67M~170M AD brand ADUM1402ARWZ special treatment original imported absolutely original Incremental value rotary encoder, also called circular grating, pulse code disc, can be known from these names, it is a circular grating reticle code disc, after rotation, through the light and dark changes of the luminous flux, generate pulses, counting pulses through external devices To incrementally add (or subtract) the number of pulses to measure the angle of rotation. For example, a circular grating engraves 360 engraved lines per week, and one pulse generated by each engraving line is equivalent to 1 degree, and the cumulative pulse is increased by 30, which is 30 degrees in the positive direction. In fact, there are two (or four) optical eyes for reading these reticle lines, and each of the two optical eyes outputs phase A in phase B to determine from which direction the reticle is coming from, and A is ahead of B. Or B is ahead of A, just like the left and right eyes of a person, so that the direction of rotation of the encoder is known, so that the count of the pulse is incremented or decremented, thereby obtaining a true rotation angle. In actual use, the position of phase A and phase B differ by 1/4 pulse period, so that it is 1/4 cycle difference from the positive direction and 3/4 from the opposite direction, which can be used to determine the direction of rotation. If a pulse period is 360 degrees "phase" angle, such 1/4 is a 90 degree phase difference, and 3/4 is a 270 degree phase difference. In addition, the rotary encoder has a separate reticle per revolution, which is equivalent to the zero (Zero), also known as the Z phase, for reading the starting point of the week. These circular grating code discs were first obtained by etching a round metal sheet, and the metal etching precision was limited, and instead of etching with a glass coating, the precision of the glass code disc was the highest, but it was brittle. For some economical encoders, it is also made of plastic film. Recently, there are new technology resin materials, the same processing technology as glass code plates, which can be compared with glass encoders with higher precision and stability. Not easy to damage, this may be the trend of mass production in large industries. The rotary incremental encoder outputs a pulse when it is rotated, and its position is known by the counting device. When the encoder is not moving or power is off, the internal memory of the counting device is used to remember the position. In this way, when the power is off, the encoder can't have any movement. When the caller works, the encoder can not interrupt and lose the pulse during the output pulse. Otherwise, the zero point of the counting device will shift, and this bias The amount of shift is unknown, and only the wrong production result can be known. In fact, due to the increasing number of devices used in industrial control, the interference signals are more and more complex and more complex. For incremental signals, the interference signals are more inconsistent with the multimeter and leakage of the pulses, resulting in cumulative errors. . The solution is to increase the external reference point, and the encoder corrects the reference position into the memory position of the counting device every time the encoder passes the reference point. Before the reference point, the accuracy of the position cannot be guaranteed. For this reason, in the industrial control, there are methods such as finding a reference point for each operation, and starting to change the zero. Such a method is cumbersome for some industrial control projects, and even does not allow booting to change to zero (it is necessary to know the exact position after booting), and some are working continuously without allowing frequent change, so there is an absolute encoder. There are many scribe line codes from the inside to the outside on the absolute encoder optical disc. Each line is followed by 2 lines, 4 lines, 8 lines and 16 lines. . . . . . Arrange, so that at each position of the encoder, the pass and the dark of each reticle are read by n light eyes, and a unique set of 2 from the zeroth power of 2 to the n-1 power of 2 is obtained. Binary code (Gray code), which is called an n-bit absolute encoder. Such an encoder is determined by the mechanical position of the code disc. The encoding of each position is unique and absolute, so it is called an absolute value encoder. It is not affected by power outages or interference. Absolute encoders are unique in each position determined by the mechanical position. They do not need to be remembered, do not need to find a reference point, and do not have to count all the time, when to know the position, and when to read its position. In this way, the anti-jamming characteristics of the encoder and the reliability of the data are greatly improved. Rotating a single-turn absolute encoder from a single-turn absolute encoder to a multi-turn absolute encoder to measure the coded lines of the optical encoder in rotation to obtain a unique set of codes. When the rotation exceeds 360 degrees, The code returns to the origin, so that it does not conform to the principle of absolute coding. Such an encoder can only be used for measurements within a range of 360 degrees, called a single-turn absolute encoder. If you want to measure the range of rotation over 360 degrees, you need to use a multi-turn absolute encoder. The earlier multi-turn calculation is more than 360 degrees per revolution, adding a lap count to the counter (the method of counting the circle is similar to the incremental encoder), but this method is powered off or the encoder is stopped at 360 degrees or Interference is very dangerous. It may leak the meter and the code is different. It also uses the built-in battery of the encoder to count the ring, but the battery life, vibration contact, low temperature failure and other issues are still dangerous. Some batteries work in a gap-like manner to extend life, but gap-type operation limits the speed at which the encoder rotates. These methods are very risky for the absolute use of multiple circles. Real multi-turn absolute encoder: The encoder manufacturer uses the principle of watch gear machinery to add a set of mechanical gear set code discs. When the center code disc rotates, another set of gear discs (or sets of gears) is driven by gears. , multiple sets of code discs), on the basis of single-turn coding, increase the number of turns of the code to expand the measurement range of the encoder, such an absolute encoder is called a real multi-turn absolute value encoder, for multi-turn values The same is determined by the mechanical position of the code, each position code is unique and does not repeat, without memory. Another advantage of the multi-turn encoder is that due to the large measurement range, the actual use is often more affluent, so that it is not necessary to find a zero point during installation, and an intermediate position is used as a starting point, which greatly simplifies the difficulty of installation and debugging. The real multi-turn absolute encoder has obvious advantages in length positioning, especially the reliability is irreplaceable, and has been increasingly used in industrial control positioning.

Precision Measurement and Stability Performance - A New Breakthrough in Rotary Encoder, Angle Encoder, Linear Encoder, and Glass Disk Technology In today's rapidly developing technology, the demand for precise measurement and stable performance is becoming increasingly prominent. Encoders, as a precision measurement device, are widely used in various industrial scenarios. Recently, the technological innovation of rotary encoders, angle encoders, and linear encoders, as well as the optimization of glass disc technology, have brought more efficient and accurate solutions to modern industry. As a commonly used measuring device, the stability and accuracy of rotary encoders have always been a focus of attention in the industry. Recently, new rotary encoders have attracted widespread market attention due to their excellent rotational measurement performance and long lifespan. This encoder adopts advanced sensing technology, which can monitor the rotation angle in real-time and provide accurate data feedback. It is widely used in fields such as machinery, automation, and control systems. Similar to rotary encoders, angle encoders also focus on monitoring rotational motion. However, angle encoders are more focused on providing higher precision measurements. The new angle encoder adopts a unique algorithm and sensor design, which can achieve more accurate angle measurement. This breakthrough not only improves measurement accuracy, but also greatly expands the application range of angle encoders, providing reliable solutions for high-precision fields such as aerospace, medical, and energy. Linear encoders focus on processing object motion along paths or lines. This encoder uses advanced sensor technology to accurately measure the motion or distance between two points. Whether for fixed length cutting applications or precise linear motion control, the new linear encoder can provide stable and reliable performance. In addition, its compact design and strong adaptability enable it to operate stably in various complex environments. At the same time, the optimization of glass disk technology has also brought new breakthroughs to encoders. Glass discs are renowned for their high precision, high stability, and long lifespan, making them an ideal choice for encoders. The new glass disc adopts advanced materials and manufacturing processes, which not only improves the flatness and accuracy of the disc surface, but also enhances its wear resistance and impact resistance. These optimizations enable the glass disc to maintain stable performance in various harsh environments, providing more reliable support for the encoder. Overall, breakthroughs in new rotary encoders, angle encoders, linear encoders, and glass disc technologies have brought more efficient and accurate measurement solutions to modern industry. Their widespread application not only improves production efficiency, but also promotes technological progress in various industries. In the future, with the continuous development of technology, these encoder products will continue to play a greater role and make greater contributions to human technological progress.

The photoelectric encoder works as a photoelectric encoder, which is a sensor that converts the mechanical geometric displacement on the output shaft into a pulse or digital quantity through photoelectric conversion. This is currently the most widely used sensor. The optical encoder consists of a grating disk and a photodetector. The grating plate is opened on a certain diameter of a circular plate and several rectangular holes are equally divided. Since the photoelectric encoder and the motor are coaxial, when the motor rotates, the grating disk rotates at the same speed as the motor, and a detection device composed of an electronic component such as a light emitting diode detects and outputs a plurality of pulse signals. The schematic diagram thereof is shown in FIG. 1; The number of output pulses of the photoelectric encoder can reflect the current motor speed. In addition, to determine the direction of rotation, the encoder can also provide two pulse signals with a phase difference of 90o. According to the detection principle, encoders can be classified into optical, magnetic, inductive and capacitive. According to its calibration method and signal output form, it can be divided into incremental, absolute and hybrid. 1.1 Incremental Encoder Incremental Encoder directly outputs the three groups of square-wave pulses A, B and Z phases using the photoelectric conversion principle; A, B two groups of pulses have a phase difference of 90o, so that the rotation direction can be easily judged. Phase Z is one pulse per revolution for reference point positioning. Its advantage is that the principle of the structure is simple, the mechanical average life can be more than tens of thousands of hours, anti-interference ability, high reliability, suitable for long-distance transmission. The disadvantage is that the absolute position information of the shaft rotation cannot be output. 1.2 Absolute encoder Absolute encoder is a sensor that outputs digital data directly. There are several concentric code channels in the radial direction on its circular code wheel. Each channel consists of light-transmitting and opaque sectors. The number of sectors adjacent to the code channel is a double relationship. The number of code channels on the code board is the number of bits of its binary digits. On one side of the code disk is a light source, and on the other side, there is a photosensitive element for each code channel; When the code wheel is in different positions, each photosensitive element converts a corresponding level signal according to whether it is illuminated or not, forming a binary number. The characteristic of this type of encoder is that it does not require a counter. A fixed digital code corresponding to the position can be read out at any position on the spindle. Obviously, the more code channels, the higher the resolution. For an encoder with N-bit binary resolution, the encoder must have N code channels. At present, there are 16 absolute encoder products in China. Absolute encoders use natural binary or circular binary (Geray code) methods for photoelectric conversion. Absolute encoders and incremental encoders differ in that they are light-transmitting and opaque line patterns on the disk. The absolute encoder can have several codes. The absolute position can be detected based on the code on the readout code. The coding design can use binary code, cyclic code, two's complement and so on. It is characterized by: 1.2.1 The absolute value of the angular coordinate can be read directly; 1.2.2 There is no cumulative error; 1.2.3 Position information will not be lost after the power is cut off. However, the resolution is determined by the number of binary digits, which means that the accuracy depends on the number of digits. There are currently 10 digits, 14 digits, and so on. 1.3 Hybrid Absolute Encoder A hybrid absolute encoder that outputs two sets of information: one set of information used to detect magnetic pole position with absolute information function; the other set is exactly the same as incremental encoder output information. Photoelectric encoder is an angle (angular velocity) detection device. It will input the amount of the angle to the shaft and convert it into the corresponding electric pulse or digital quantity using the photoelectric conversion principle. It has the advantages of small size, high precision, reliable work, digital interface, etc. . It is widely used in devices and devices that require angle detection such as CNC machine tools, rotary tables, servo drives, robots, radars, and military target measurements.

The principle and use of incremental encoder An encoder is a device that converts an angular displacement or a linear displacement into an electrical signal. According to the working principle, the encoder can be divided into two types: incremental (SPC) and absolute (APC). The incremental encoder converts the displacement into a periodic electrical signal, which is then converted into a counting pulse, and the number of pulses is used to represent the magnitude of the displacement. Here is some introduction to incremental encoders. 1. working principle The working principle of the photoelectric incremental encoder is as follows: the pulse code disc rotating together with the rotating shaft has a uniformly engraved grating, and a plurality of transparent sections and shading sections are evenly distributed on the code disc. Incremental encoders do not have a fixed starting zero. The output is a pulse proportional to the increment of the corner. A counter is required to count the number of pulses. Each time a light transmissive area is rotated, a pulse signal is sent, the current value of the counter is incremented by 1, and the count result corresponds to the increment of the corner. Incremental encoders are simple to manufacture, inexpensive, and sometimes used to measure absolute corners. 2. Incremental encoder classification (1) A single-channel incremental encoder has only one pair of optocouplers inside, and only one pulse sequence can be generated. (2) The AB phase encoder has two pairs of photocouplers inside, and outputs two sets of pulse sequences with a phase difference of 90°. The lead and lag relationship of the two pulses in the forward and reverse directions is just the opposite. As can be seen from the figure below, at the rising edge of the B-phase pulse, the level of the A-phase pulse is reversed when the forward and reverse are reversed. Therefore, using the AB-phase encoder, the PLC can easily recognize the direction of rotation of the shaft. When it is necessary to increase the accuracy of the measurement, the 4th frequency mode can be used, that is, the rising edge and the falling edge of the A and B phase waveforms respectively, and the resolution can be increased by 4 times, but the high frequency of the zui of the measured signal is correspondingly reduced. (3) In addition to the two pairs of optocouplers with dual-channel incremental encoders, the three-channel incremental encoder has one light-transmitting section in the other channel of the pulse code disc, one revolution per revolution, and output 1 One pulse, called the Z-phase zero pulse, is used as the system clear signal, or the origin of the coordinates to reduce the accumulated error of the measurement. The advantages of the incremental encoder are simple structure, long average life, strong anti-interference ability and high reliability, which is suitable for high-precision positioning control for continuous operation. The disadvantage is that the absolute position information of the shaft rotation cannot be output. 3. Encoder selection First, the type of encoder is selected according to the measurement requirements. The number of pulses per revolution of the incremental encoder is equal to the number of lines of its grating. The number of encoder lines should be determined according to the speed measurement or positioning requirements and the encoder speed. The encoder is mounted on the motor shaft or mounted on a shaft after deceleration. The encoder speed is very different. It should also be considered whether the high frequency of the zui of the pulse it emits is within the range allowed by the PLC's high-speed counter. 3. Coordination problem between encoder and PLC high-speed counter Taking the S7-200 as an example, when using a single-channel incremental encoder, the single-phase up/down counter mode (mode 0~5) of the high-speed counter can be selected, which can be subdivided into yes/no external direction input signals, with / No reset input and with/without start input signal. When using the AB phase encoder, the high-speed counter should select the A/B phase quadrature counter mode (modes 9 to 11), which can be used to count up during forward rotation and count down during reverse rotation. 4. How to judge whether the AB phase encoder is forward or reverse? The high-speed counter of the S7-200 uses the current count direction status bit in the SM area to indicate the direction of rotation of the encoder. If the period of the encoder output pulse is greater than twice the scan cycle time of the PLC, the direction of the encoder rotation can be judged by judging the 0, 1 state of the A phase pulse signal on the rising edge of the B phase pulse.

Is there a stepper motor encoder? Stepper motor how to add encoder Stepping motor working principle When a current flows through the stator windings, the stator winding generates a vector magnetic field. The magnetic field will drive the rotor to rotate an angle so that the direction of a pair of magnetic fields of the rotor coincides with the direction of the magnetic field of the stator. When the stator's vector magnetic field rotates an angle. The rotor also turns an angle with the magnetic field. Each time an electric pulse is input, the motor rotates an angle forward. The angular displacement it outputs is proportional to the number of input pulses and the speed is proportional to the pulse frequency. By changing the order in which the windings are energized, the motor will reverse. Therefore, the number of control pulses, the frequency, and the sequence of energization of the motor phases can be used to control the rotation of the stepper motor. Commonly seen types of motors have iron cores and winding coils inside. Windings have resistance, and power will produce losses. The loss is proportional to the square of the resistance and current. This is the copper loss we often say. If the current is not a standard DC or sine wave, it will also produce harmonic losses; the core has hysteresis. The eddy current effect also produces losses in an alternating magnetic field. Its magnitude is related to material, current, frequency, and voltage. This is called iron loss. Both copper loss and iron loss are manifested as heat, which affects the efficiency of the motor. Stepping motors generally seek positioning accuracy and torque output, the efficiency is relatively low, the current is generally large, and the harmonic components are high, the frequency of the current alternating changes with the speed, so the stepper motor generally has a heating condition, and the situation is more general Severe AC motor. Three stepper motor circuit diagram circuit one: RL1 ~ RL4 in Fig. 3 are the internal resistance of the winding, 50 Ω resistance is an external resistance, act as the limit current, it is a component that improves the time constant of the circuit. D1 ~ D4 are freewheeling diodes, so that the back EMF generated by the motor windings is attenuated through the freewheeling diodes (D1 ~ D4), thus protecting the power tube TIP122 from damage. Connecting a 200μF capacitor in parallel with a 50Ω external resistor can improve the front of the current pulse injected into the stepper motor winding and improve the high frequency performance of the stepper motor. The 200Ω resistor in series with the freewheeling diode can reduce the discharge time constant of the loop, make the trailing edge of the current pulse in the winding steeper, and the current fall time becomes smaller, which also plays a role in improving high frequency operation performance. Circuit diagram 2: The driving circuit of the bipolar stepper motor is shown in the figure. It uses eight transistors to drive two phases. The bipolar drive circuit can drive four-wire or six-wire stepper motors at the same time. Although four-wire motors can only use bipolar drive circuits, they can significantly reduce the cost of mass production applications. The number of transistors in a bipolar stepper motor driver circuit is twice that of a unipolar driver circuit. Four of the lower transistors are usually directly driven by a microcontroller, and the upper transistor requires a higher-cost upper driver circuit. The transistor of the bipolar driving circuit only needs to withstand the motor voltage, so it does not need the clamping circuit like the unipolar driving circuit. The stepping motor can not be directly connected to the work frequency AC or DC power supply, but must use a dedicated stepping motor driver, as shown in FIG. 2, which is composed of a pulse generation control unit, a power drive unit, and a protection unit. The two units surrounded by the dotted line in the figure can be implemented by microcomputer control. The direct coupling of the drive unit to the stepper motor can also be understood as the power interface of the stepper motor microcomputer controller. Circuit diagram three: FIG. 8 is a stepping motor drive system having a constant current chopper function, which is constructed using L297 (circular distributor dedicated chip) and L298. Stepper motor has no encoder The stepper motor has no encoder. If you want to add an encoder to the stepper motor, you can use a biaxial extension of the stepper motor and add an encoder to the rear shaft. The stepper motor is the implementation of the original, the encoder is a feedback system, the encoder is used with a stepper motor, and the PLC is used to control its operation. In principle, the PLC sends a pulse command to the stepper driver. The driver supplies the stepper motor with the corresponding current to make it run. When the encoder detects that the stepper motor has reached the required position, it will feedback the signal to the PLC. PLC installation The feedback signal stops sending the pulse signal to the stepper driver. When the stepper motor has no power supply, it will stop running immediately. (Servo motor is such a device). Actually, the encoder will continuously feedback the current position to the PLC. PLC will compare the feedback value with the target value to adjust the rotation angle of the rotor. Of course, it will not stop, after the stop is not your desired position, this depends on whether the motor brake device? Of course, at low speed, the feed accuracy can be generally satisfied. Another method is to calculate the number of pulses needed to feed the stepper motor in advance, and then use the PLC to program so many pulses, the stepper motor stops, and the encoder feedbacks the motor position at this time to form a semi-closed loop control. In addition to high-speed positioning, the PLC program can set the motor to decelerate the feed when it reaches the position quickly, which can satisfy the positioning accuracy. Stepper motor how to add encoder Stepping motor plus coding is a bit ridiculous, it is a waste of resources; because the stepper motor can not respond in real time, there must be an acceleration and deceleration process; Example: Oriental stepper motor with harmonic reducer, reduction ratio 100:1 Step angle: 0.0072°, want to add an encoder to prevent losing steps, etc. Here are the methods: Answer: In principle, it is also possible to mount the motor on one end of the screw and the other end to install the encoder. However, this will be affected by the accuracy of the reducer, and misjudgment of lost motion may occur. The encoder is preferably a dual-axis motor. The encoder is added to the rear of the motor. Servo motors do this unless you have special use or limitations (no double-out). It is generally possible to process 2500 lines. Too high lines is also a waste. In addition, the resolution of the encoder is approximately the same as the resolution of your stepper motor. If the segmentation on the drive is high and you only want to detect if you have lost your steps, the resolution of the encoder should be the same as or slightly higher than the resolution before segmentation. The meaning of stepper motor plus encoder Although the stepper motor can be precisely controlled devices, but it is open-loop, need to install an encoder to achieve closed-loop feedback control; and can measure stepper motor out of step and rotation or speed, for dynamic speed control. For this statement, Xiao Bian think that the first point of open-loop control requires the encoder to achieve closed-loop feedback is still understandable, because Xiao Bian himself in use, and occasionally because of stepper motor line connection is not good, resulting in stepping The motor did not work properly. For the speed control of the second stepping motor, it is not very necessary because the speed can be realized by controlling the pulse frequency of the stepping motor, and it is not necessary to use external feedback.